The Biggest Problem Facing America - 1445 Words

Introduction America faces a plethora of problems and issues on a daily basis. Lets face it, though many view us as superior to all other countries, we, as a nation, are far from a utopia. Because of our supremacy and power, we probably deal with more issues than any other country in the world. But, judging the importance of these issues is simply a matter of opinion. One can argue valid points for multiple issues as being the most important of all. In my opinion, third world immigration and the affects it has on America is the most important problem we face. Third world immigration into the United States of America has boosted poverty levels, put millions of Americans out of work, contributed to over 25 percent of the federal prison†¦show more content†¦Labor Market Third World immigration into the U.S. has not produced a highly skilled labor force, as the above statistics show. Instead, the U.S. labor pool has become flooded with low level, menial laborers, whose desperation for work o f any sort has undercut the wages paid at the lower end of the labor market, which in turn made it more difficult for native born American citizens to escape poverty. An estimated 1,880,000 American workers are displaced from their jobs every year by immigration. The cost for providing welfare and assistance to these Americans is over $15 billion a year. (Associated Press, 1997) Third World Immigration and Prison The Citizenship USA project, pushed by the White House in 1996 to expedite admission of 1.3 million aliens, allowed as many as 130,000 criminals into the U.S. from Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. It is almost unfathomable that all these criminals who could be rapist, murderers, child abusers, or robbers were allowed in. The U.S. already has enough crime, so much that our prisons are basically bursting at the seams with low lives. Third World immigration just adds to that already overpopulated population. They account for more than 25 percent of all inmates in federal prisons and are the fastest growing segment of the prison population. Upkeep for each prisoner costs taxpayers $21,300 per year. (New York Times, 2001) 80 percent of cocaine and 50 percent of heroin in the U.S. isShow MoreRelatedIssues Facing America737 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Issues facing America America is among the super powers in the world but this does not prevent it from having problems. Just like other Nations America struggles with some issues. The list of the problems is endless however there are some issues that are of importance as compared to others. Therefore these issues should be recognized and addressed as such. Among these issues are; the upward transfer of wealth. Since 1970s there has been a continuous trend of the rich getting richer as the middleRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Population Growth979 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation growth in the United States America before we destroy our planet. We are facing many devastating economic problems, such as pollution, global warming, education, but the most critical is overconsumption. Overpopulation is a huge problem in the United States of America, which is causing us to run out of natural resources. The human race is already too large and is destroying the natural systems that support us. There are many solution s to this problem, but the common factor is controllingRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Population Growth960 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation growth in the United States America before we destroy our planet. We are facing many devastating economic problems, such as pollution, global warming, education, but the most critical is overconsumption. Overpopulation is a huge problem in the United States of America, which is causing us to run out of natural resources. The human race is already too large and is destroying the natural systems that support us. There are many solutions to this problem, but the common factor is controllingRead MoreArgumentative Essay: Educational Reform703 Words   |  3 Pagesof the biggest challenges facing the nation. There is a great deal of evidence to show this problem. The pathetically low results of American students through international test scores is one obvious fault. Another is the failure of many students to demonstrate their knowledge of basic skills and literacy. It is surprising that such a long time has passed without any sufficient effort put forth to correct the problem. Even more surprising, is the fact that some deny that such a problem existsRead MoreThat Can Be Us By Thomas Friedman And Michael Mandelbaum1561 Words   |  7 Pagesplausible solutions to the problems facing America and stress the point that if something is not done now then the United States will face the consequences. Is the American Century Over? by Joseph Nye argues that the American century is not over, and gives scenarios of possible consequences for America’s actions. He also gives a few countries that could possible take over as the world’s leading country. Both books argue that America has serious problems that it is facing today, and that if they areRead MoreIndustrial Capitalism And The Economic System1433 Words   |  6 Pagesbust phase. As America did not experience a lot of boom and bust cycles, America was not ready nor saw how terrible bust phase was going to affect America. According to teachinghistory.org, â€Å"In a sense, the money supply acts like oxygen for a fire: too little and the flame dwindles, too much and it rages uncontrolled.† Not all the nations made the transition to industrial capitalism from mercantile capitalism. Nevertheless, the most developed nations in Europe and North America were able to madeRead MoreCourt Issue Analysis1255 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis As society changes, the criminal justice system must also change. As the criminal justice system changes it is important to identify areas of the court system that needs changes. Portions of the court system facing changes are the way courts are managed including their problems and resolutions. Victim’s rights have emerged as a new trend in the courts as victims are given the rights to intervene in cases, prior to sentencing. In the future, the courts face a loss of cases to a potential privateRead MoreRacism At The United States926 Words   |  4 Pageswhites while facing a felony trial. For decades, Americans were being judgmental towards each other based on the complexion of another person’s skin. It is now 2015, and racism is still a big factor in our country. So, why does racism still exist after all these year? Racism will always be the thorn in our sides that keeps our country from truly accepting our differences and our opinions or lifestyles. African Am ericans are the most targeted racial group when it comes to racism in America because defianceRead MoreSocial Problems with America Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Problems in America Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. The first major social problem facingRead More Social Problems With America Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pages Social Problems in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The

The Horn Of Plenty by Alexander McQueen - 594 Words

Introduction â€Å" I think there is beauty in everything. What normal people would perceive as ugly, I can usually see something of beauty in it. People find my things sometimes aggressive. But I don’t see it as aggressive. I see it as romantic, dealing with a dark side of personality † said Alexander McQueen† If I am not attracted to something, it must be too â€Å"savage† such as aggressive art, wild fashion or ignorant people. The main reason is I dont see anything fancy about it, I do not expect beauty in savage life, but Natalie Shau and Alexander McQueen has completely changed my thought. McQueen show the beauty of imperfection through his garments which always has a wow-factor and shock his audience including myself. However, Shau creates surrealistic strange creatures who is aggressive and lives in the dark abandoned place, but her creature still looks more glamorously beautiful than those models on Vogue magazine cover. What attracted me the most is the way they both dress up their lady with surrealistic garment and iconic headpiece. They share similar style and represent it through their own unusual form of art. Whenever I am admiring their masterpiece,There is always more than one adjectives that could impeccably describe it pops up in my head ; darkness, heart broken ironic. Sometimes Their art could be fragile and powerful or ugly and beautiful at the same time and I hardly see any artist that could depict two opposite subject in one piece . I am going to explore

Structure and Functions of SFDA and Ministry of Agriculture

Question: Discuss about the Structure and Functions of SFDA and Ministry of Agriculture. Answer: Introduction: The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicine Authority (APVMA) regulates the production, import and export of agricultural (pesticides, herbicides, insecticides) and veterinary (medicines, antibiotics) chemical products in Australia. To use an agvet (agricultural or veterinary) chemical product in Australia the same has to be registered with the regulatory body of the government ("APVMA basics" 2016). The aim of this essay is to identify the Saudi Arabian equivalent of APVMA and discuss the structure and function of the governing bodies. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and The Ministry of Agriculture are of utmost relevance in this regard. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) is currently responsible for the regulation of both human and animal drugs and medicines in Saudi Arabia (SFDA 2016). The ministry of Agriculture partly regulates pesticides and veterinary medicines and services. This essay therefore aims to analyze the structure and functions of SFDA and minis try of agriculture, its role and effectiveness in achieving its objectives. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) is an independent body corporate which was established in the year 2003 under the resolution of the council of ministers No. one (1), dated 7/1/1424 H (SFDA, 2016). SFDAs core objective and function is to undertake regulation and management of both food and drugs for both animal and human consumption. According to Alsager et., al (2015), previously, the responsibilities of registering pharmaceutical bodies, regulating and managing drugs were being undertaken by the Ministry of Health (MoH), in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the ministry was charged with the responsibility of distribution and sale of drugs and medicines after being approved by the American Food Drug Association (FDA) (SFDA, 2016). SFDA is structured according to the rules and regulations governing state bodies in Saudi Arabia. Its structure of governance is that, it is headed by the Chef Executive Officer (Hashan et al., 2015). As stipulated in the structure shown below, SFDA reports to the executive president. Fig 1: Structure of SFDA The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), is mandated with a couple of other responsibilities and functions which include ensuring the availability and safety of drugs and pesticides before use or consumption by both humans and animals (Jadi 2016); to ensure the safety of chemicals, biological products and pesticides, to undertake monitoring and close observation of chemicals, pesticides and contaminants to access their suitability for consumption by both animals and humans (Jadi 2016); creating awareness to the general public on the safety of both drugs and pesticides in Saudi Arabia; undertaking risk assessment of both locally available and imported drugs and pesticides in Saudi Arabia (Jadi 2016) and finally formulating rules and regulations governing the import and packaging of drugs and pesticides in Saudi Arabia (Jadi 2016). Because of the presence of different agencies responsible with regulations and management of chemicals in Saudi Arabia, there has been absence of effective rules and regulations controlling pesticide. SFDA has a duty and mandate to control chemicals used by both humans and animals, consequently making it ineffective in achieving its mandate. According to Hashan et al., (2015), the queuing system has been poor in terms of service delivery, taking around 340 working days before clearance in the year 2011 to around 372 working days in the year 2013 (Ibrahim 2010). Saudi Arabia government should establish a different body that deals specifically with chemicals and veterinary medicine, other than the present body in operation that combines both drugs for human consumption with veterinary medicine meant for animals. So ideally, SFDA hasnt been able to effectively deliver on its mandate due to its inability to meet deadlines and comprehensively manage both human and animal chemicals (Ibrahi m 2010). Ministry of Agriculture The ministry of Agriculture was introduced in the times where there was a necessity of the Saudi government to manage its agricultural activities. Therefore the ministry of Agriculture is as old as the Saudi Arabia government itself (Ibrahim 2010). The King appoints the minister in charge of Agriculture to oversee all functions related to the ministry. Ideally, the ministry of Agriculture was called the ministry of water, but was later dissolved and remained ministry of water, environment and Agriculture. However, its functions of managing veterinary medicine were amended later due to necessity to achieve high productivity (Ibrahim 2010). The ministry of Agriculture is headed by the Agriculture Minister who is normally appointed by the King to serve according to the guidance of the constitution. The council of ministers are appointed by the king and are to serve for a stipulated period of time. However, research institutions found within the ministry structure are the ones mandated with the responsibility of accessing the risk associated with usability of pesticides and other veterinary medicines (Ibrahim 2010). For instance, under the ministry, there are food control laboratories and other research institutions who undertake risk assessment for pesticides and other chemicals and advice the ministry accordingly. Fig 2: Structure of Ministry of Agriculture The ministry of Agriculture in Saudi Arabia, being part of the government, is tasked with quite a number of responsibilities relating to the regulation of agricultural products and implementation of policies that foster food security and regulation of veterinary medicine (Ibrahim 2010). The ministry of Agriculture is part of the government and is bound by the constitution governing the land. In Saudi Arabia, the system of governance of ministries is in line with the ruling government, which is tasked with the responsibility of aligning the management of the ministry. The ministry of Agriculture in Saudi Arabia has a role and function of implementing government plans besides undertaking programs meant to safeguard Agriculture and both human and animal health in the Arab kingdom (Elhadj 2006). Therefore, in order to foster food security and to offer protection to both plants, animal and human health, the ministry of Agriculture has been mandated to control and manage licenses for ferti lizer, pesticides and other veterinary drugs and vaccines (Elhadj 2006). In Saudi Arabia, therefore, the ministry of Agriculture has a part to play in regulation and management of pesticides and veterinary medicine ad vaccines (Hassan et al. 2013). The ministry of Agriculture, besides formulating and implementing policies meant to cab food insecurity in Saudi Arabia, is also tasked with a number of other responsibilities which include importation of licenses for various goods ranging from fertilizers, pesticides, biological substance to veterinary medicines (Hassan et al. 2013), monitoring and control of chemicals and other vaccines (however, the ministry of Agriculture approves the sale of vaccines and chemicals subject to the approval of the ministry of health.), the management of animal resources, management of fisheries and control of locust. In order to effectively manage animal resources and control locusts, the ministry needs to use chemicals and pesticides that have been approved by the ministry of health (AVMA 2013). It also institute forums that are meant to create awareness to the members of the public regarding the use of pesticides and how to identify genuine pesticides and chemicals circulating in the market (Ibra him 2010). It also assessess the risk exposure of both locally available and imported drugs in Saudi Arabia. The ministry of Agriculture has a sole purpose of implementing economic policies meant to safeguard the countrys food security (Kajenthira et al. 2015). The ministry of Agriculture in Saudi Arabia has different divisions within it, with each division working towards the achievement of the ministries objectives. Therefore, because of the various sub-divisions found within the ministry, the ministry has not been very successful in control and management of pesticides in Saudi Arabia. This is because its core mandates it to implement economic policies meant to contain food insecurity in the kingdom ("Ministry of Agriculture - SAMIRAD (Saudi Arabia Market Information Resource)" 2016). The ministry of Agriculture in Saudi Arabia has many functions, making the role of controlling pesticides a subsidiary role. Both SFDA and the ministry of Agriculture reports directly to the council of ministers who are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that ministries work according to the provisions of the constitution governing the kingdom (Ibrahim 2010). Regulatory bodies vary from government to government, with variations too in terms of formation, functions, mandates and reporting. SFDA of Saudi Arabia and AVPMA of Australia both have different functions and different levels of effectiveness. Similarly, their formations and functional structures do differ. Saudi Arabia kingdom doesnt have a clear statutory body that controls pesticides and veterinary medicine because of the presence of varied agencies and government bodies (Ibrahim 2010). In order therefore to effectively manage the control and management of pesticides and veterinary medicine, the Saudi Arabia kingdom should establish a body that solely deals with the control and regular management of pesticides and veterinary medicine. In conclusion therefore, though SFDA and the ministry of Agriculture have tried to control pesticides and veterinary services, they have not been effective as it should have been if a different body was solely mandated to undertake the task (Ibrahim 2010). References Alsager, S., Hashan, H and Walker, S 2015, The Saudi food and drug authority: Shaping the regulatory environment in the gulf region,Pharmaceutical Medicine, 29(2), pp. 93103. American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) 2013,AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2013 edition, Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved from https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf APVMA basics. (2016). Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. Retrieved 21 September 2016, from https://apvma.gov.au/node/15866 Elhadj, E 2006,Experiments in achieving water and food self-sufficiency in the Middle East: The consequences of contrasting endowments, ideologies, and investment policies in Saudi Arabia and Syria, United States, Dissertation.Com. Hashan, H., Aljuffali, I., Patel, P and Walker, S 2015, The Saudi Arabia food and drug authority: An evaluation of the registration process and good review practices in Saudi Arabia in comparison with Australia, Canada and Singapore,Pharmaceutical Medicine, 30(1), pp. 3747. Hassan, A.A., Abdullah, S.M., Khardali, I.A., Shaikhain, G.A. and Oraiby, M 2013, Evaluation of pesticides multiresidue contamination of khat leaves from Jazan region, Kingdome Saudi Arabia, using solid-phase extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,Toxicological Environmental Chemistry, 95(9), pp. 14771483. Ibrahim, S 2010, Foods Safety System in Suadi Arabia (SA). Available at: https://www.rr-middleeast.oie.int/download/pdf/koweit%20pres%20countries/KSA_FoodSafety_OIETraining_Kuwait.pdf (Accessed: 11 September 2016). Jadi, A 2016, Enhancing the monitoring system of SFDA in Saudi markets,International Journal of Software Engineering Applications, 7(4), pp. 3145. Kajenthira, Grindle, A., Siddiqi, A and Anadon, L.D 2015, Food security amidst water scarcity: Insights on sustainable food production from Saudi Arabia,Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2, pp. 6778. Ministry of Agriculture - SAMIRAD (Saudi Arabia Market Information Resource). (2016). Saudinf.com. Retrieved 21 September 2016, from https://www.saudinf.com/main/c6a.htm SFDA 2016, About SFDA. Available at: https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/about/Pages/overview.aspx (Accessed: 8 September 2016).

Jesus And The Kingdom Of God Essays - Prophets Of Islam,

Jesus And The Kingdom Of God The Gospel of Thomas is unlike any other scripture written about Jesus. It is a collection of Jesus' secret sayings that only someone who actually knew him, like his twin, would be able to recount. Jesus, in the Gospel of Thomas, is a teacher that points his followers in the direction of the Kingdom of Heaven. He explains that the kingdom is a place with no poverty, where all is revealed and that it is already inside and around them but they must learn how to find it. The Kingdom of Heaven, according to Thomas' Jesus, is within each one of us. This concept of god and the kingdom being a part of everyone is a common theme throughout the Bible (Lk 17:21). In the third saying, Jesus tells his followers that the way to gain access to this Kingdom inside us is to learn about ourselves. The knowledge that we came from the Kingdom (GTh 49), that we are sons of the living father (GTh 3), and that are human bodies and lives are not worth anything (GTh 87) are the keys to the Kingdom. If we do not know ourselves then we will not enter the kingdom and we will be in poverty forever (GTh 3). He also says that once we get back into the Kingdom there is nothing that we will not understand (GTh 6b). The Kingdom of Heaven is like Adam's paradise in Eden. Jesus said that, ?whoever among you shall become as a child shall know the Kingdom? (GTh 46). Eden was a place of innocence and to become like a child would be to become innocent. In saying 37, the disciples ask when he will be revealed to them and he answers when they can be naked without shame and jump on their clothes like children. This is not unlike Adam and Eve innocent, child-like, and undressed in Eden. Jesus explains that the Kingdom of the Father is a treasure that lasts forever. He describes it as a pearl that a merchant found and did all he could do to buy it so that he could cherish it for the rest of his life (GTh 76). Jesus tells another parable in which the Kingdom is a treasure buried in a father's farm and he and his son never find it but the next man that owns the farm finds it (GTh 109). The first two men never found the Kingdom of Heaven because they did not look within their own land or themselves but the third man does a little digging and finds this eternal treasure. He who searches, will find?it will open to him (GTh 94). In most stories about the Kingdom of Heaven, there is a sense that it will happen in the future but, in this Gospel, Jesus gives of the impression that the Kingdom is here now. He said, What you look for has come, but you do not know it (GTh 51). He tells us that the kingdom is already here but because we do not have knowledge we just do not see it (GTh 113). He explains that the end is where the beginning is (GTh 18). It is almost as if the future and past are combined and that time is irrelevant. The kingdom will happen for us when we know ourselves. However, there is a contraction because saying 57 gives us the idea that there will be a final judgment day. In this saying, the Kingdom is like a man who plants good seed but another man puts bad seed in with the good seed. The first man does not pull out the weeds until harvest day because he is afraid that he will pick out the good plant on accident. On harvest day, it will be obvious which are which and the weeds will the burned. Jesus' role in the Gospel of Thomas is to lead his followers to the Kingdom. He tells them parables that they must understand and follow in order to get into the Kingdom (GTh 82). He tells them that heaven is inside them (GTh 3) and spread out upon the earth (GTh 113). He also teaches that if we look

Arieanne Evans-Hill Essays - Textual Scholarship, Publishing

Arieanne Evans-Hill November 2017 History of Art I Dr. Jones Manuscript Reflection Illuminated manuscripts are expressions of piety, so no I don't think that St. John of Damascne and St. Bernard of Clairvaux would approve of the construction and distribution of such art. These two believe that it's only essential to have devotion within us rather than creating false representations and idols. Although the art and words in the manuscripts choose to convey and exemplify the religious beliefs of the medieval time period, it can still be seen as paganistic. Illuminated manuscripts can almost be interpreted as advertisements for certain religions without actually including God, himself. Illuminated words that are golden and colorful drawings have no correlation to what a religion actually entails but it does attract readers because of how expensive and impressive it may appear. In Esoteric Buddhism, art was key in educating the people that were interested in learning about Buddhist gods and their relationships. Mandalas are cosmic diagrams of the universe in schematic order. They were essentially identical in manner to illuminated manuscripts because they incorporated gold print, vibrant colors and silk (which is very thin) comparable to the thin paper of said manuscripts. In the Late Antique Byzantine era, the Icon of St Michael the Archangel also can be considered an advertisement for a religion that is purely pagan. It doesn't even have God in the portrait and was constructed with a lot of expensive objects, which makes it comparable to illuminated manuscripts. Something that's comparable to the practice of producing and using illuminated manuscripts would be the advertisement of books sold by megachurches that don't really help the buyer, only the church's bank. Those books sell false hope.

Characteristics of a Good Editor

Characteristics of a Good Editor You dont have to work for a magazine or newspaper to benefit from the help of a good editor. Even if she seems nit-picky with her line edits, remember that the editor is on your side. A good editor addresses your writing style and creative content, among many other details. Editing styles will vary, so find an editor that gives you the safe space to be creative and make mistakes simultaneously.   The Editor and the Writer Carl Sessions Stepp, the author of Editing for Todays Newsroom, believes editors should practice restraint and refrain from immediately reshaping the content in their own images. He has advised editors to read an article all the way through, open your mind to the logic of the [writers] approach, and offer at least minimal courtesy to the professional who has dripped blood for it.   Jill Geisler of The Poynter Institute says a writer must be able to trust that an editor respects the writers ownership of a story and can resist the temptation to completely write a new and improved version. Says Geisler, Thats fixing, not coaching. ... When you fix stories by doing instant rewrites, there may be a thrill in showing off your skill. By coaching writers, you discover better ways to craft copy. Gardner Botsford of The New Yorker magazine says that a good editor is a mechanic, or craftsman, while a good writer is an artist, adding that that the less competent the writer, the louder the protests over editing. Editor As Critical Thinker Editor-in-chief Mariette DiChristina says editors must be organized, able to see the structure where it does not exist and able to identify the missing pieces or gaps in logic that bring the writing together. [M]ore than being good writers, editors must be good critical thinkers who can recognize and evaluate good writing [or who] can figure out how to make the most of the not-so-good writing. ... [A] good editor needs a sharp eye for detail, writes DiChristina.   A Quiet Conscience The legendary, shy, strong-willed editor of The New Yorker, William Shawn, wrote that it is one of the comic burdens of [an] editor not to be able to explain to anyone else exactly what he does. An editor, writes Shawn, must only counsel when the writer requests it, acting on occasion as a conscience and helping the writer in any way possible to say what he wants to say. Shawn writes that the work of a good editor, like the work of a good teacher, does not reveal itself directly; it is reflected in the accomplishments of others. A Goal-Setter Writer and editor Evelynne Kramer say the best editor is patient and always keeps in mind the long-term goals with the writer and not just what they see on the screen. Says Kramer, We can all get better at what we do, but improvement sometimes takes a lot of time and, more often than not, in fits and starts. A Partner Editor-in-chief Sally Lee says the ideal editor brings out the best in a writer and allows a writers  voice  to shine through. A good editor makes a writer feel challenged, enthusiastic and valuable. An editor is only as good as her writers, says Lee. An Enemy of Cliches Media columnist and reporter David Carr said the best editors  are the enemies  of clichà ©s and tropes, but not the overburdened writer who occasionally resorts to them. Carr stated that the perfect traits of a good editor are good judgment, an appropriate bedside manner and an ability to conjure occasional magic in the space between writer and editor.

Donald Trump Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Donald Trump - Research Paper Example As such, all the people working under the leader will have different tasks in accomplishing a common goal. One of the epic leaders of this century is Donald trump. Trump insists that leaders should have control of organisations they lead. However, this is not to mean leaders should be dictatorial. As a fact, trump leads through the model of personality, which depicts five leadership traits. To begin with, trump suggests that leaders should have surgency. This is where leaders have convincing power to the people they lead. A leader should influence the understanding of the people to focus on the point of view from the leader. Similarly, the leaders should ensure the people they lead have focus on the mission, vision and objectives of the organisation. Therefore, there is a need for mutual understanding of all these aspects for success. When the people they lead have a mutual understanding of the vision, mission and objectives, they are likely to conform to the desires of the leaders ( Lussier and Achua, 2013). Consequentially, trump states that competitiveness is one of the traits that a leader should embrace. With competitiveness, the leader is able to mentor competitive workers. This in turn improves the competitiveness of the organisation. ... This leads to decisiveness in an organisation where decisions are made in the meanest time (Trump, 2005). Therefore, a leader must be in a position to influence agreement in an organisation. This is where a leader has to consider collecting ideas, feedback and thoughts from the subordinates and other workers. As such, a final decision should be substantive after collection of facts from the workers and subordinates. This will enhance decision making as all the interests of workers are considered. Similarly, there is need to enhance change, implementation and managing risks through collective decision-making. Though leaders have the authority and control of making decisions, they should consider the emphasis of the subordinates. Trump states that leaders who often agree with subordinates are better prepared to make a positive impact (Trump, 2011). This allows subordinates and other workers to work in coordination for a collective goal. However, when workers and their leaders do not ag ree, there are possibilities of flaws. This is a perfect way of instilling confusion in an organisation. As such, a quagmire will erupt in the collective goals that should be achieved. Therefore, a leader should engage all subordinates and workers in decision making to limit chances of confusion in the collective goals. Trump states that leaders should be prepared for adjustments. A leader has to be prepared for change when leading people at the work place. For example, in this era of technological advancement, a leader should be prepared to adore and embrace change. With each passing day, businesses and organisation are looking for better and effective methods of executing tasks (Lussier and Achua, 2013). Therefore, a leader that

Southwest Airline comprehensive external environment analysis Research Paper

Southwest Airline comprehensive external environment analysis - Research Paper Example Though the local political affairs are usually kept under control, there are numerous other issues that do not lie within the company’s hands. The perpetual rise in the fuel prices has always remained a major issue for Southwest. The unpredictable nature of the fuel prices is hugely attributed to several external factors which are usually not within the control of the company. The fuel prices are hugely driven by political agendas of the oil supplying nations and it may have varying results for the airline industry since oil is the major expenditure that an airline company has to endure in order to operate effectively and efficiently. Economic Factors The aviation industry within the United States of America has been a major contributor towards improving its country’s economy. According to a study issued by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in May 2012, the airline industry has almost contributed $669.5 billion (4.9%) to the U.S. economy. Of this amount , almost 31% was contributed by airlines, airports and airline concerned services. The current era in which Southwest operates, fuel is presumably the main issue for not only Southwest airline but the entire aviation industry. According to the financial statements of Southwest Airlines, oil and jet fuel prices have remained at around 37% of total operating expenses both in the year 2011 and 2012 (Investor Relations, 2012). Social Factors Travelling has remained an important aspect of people normal living and with the dynamism in the economy, commuting has increased rapidly during the last four to five decades. People who usually travel from one place to another would always want to travel with low cost, high quality service. Hence it may be argued that such services are, based on their cheapness, are usually available via rail or road transport but this issue may be reduced to a greater extent since Southwest operates a low cost airline service and people would prefer it considering the low cost which it offers. Ecological Factors Environment friendliness has always remained an important feature for Southwest Airlines. The company has always focused on purchasing fleets that are both cost efficient as well as environment friendly. In a bid to prove it environment friendly nature, the company ordered the purchase of almost 150 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft which it considers to be more environment friendly than its present aircrafts (Annual Report, 2011). Southwest also uses environmentally responsible products within its aircraft fleet in order to help providing better atmosphere for its customers. In order to display its commitment towards improving the environment, the company issued its â€Å"Southwest One Report†. The report addresses several ecological issues and also provides strategies which would be adopted by the company to help reduce environmental hazards (Annual Report, 2011). Technological Factors The aviation service industry is technology inten sive with an upward shift required at frequent intervals in order to remain competitive. Southwest Airlines has continuously kept up its foot on the accelerator with respect to technologically upgrading its services. The company has improved its website and its frequent flyer program in order to attract more customers. The company has also improved its fleets by providing Wi-Fi services to its

Cytochrome b6f complex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cytochrome b6f complex - Essay Example As one of the major photosynthetic protein that is widely been explored in the study of biochemistry, the cytochrome b6f complex is commonly found not only in green algae but also in cyanobacteria (Baniulis et al., 2009; Whitelegge et al., 2002). Each time the plants undergo photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f complex plays a significant role in the process of transferring the electro-chemical proton 11 across the thylakoid membrane (Laisk, Nedbal and Govindjee, 2009, p. 159). In other words, the thylakoid membrane in plants is responsible in introducing some protons within the close surroundings of the thylakoid. As part of analyzing the biochemistry and role of cytochrome b6f complex in the photosynthesis of plants, this study will purposely gather and make use of several scientific-based literature in discussing not only the relationship between the Cytochrome b6f complex and its biochemical structure but also the basic modes of enzyme catalysis in relation to some specific example s. Relationship between Functions of Cytochrome b6f Complex to their Structures To be able to clearly explain the relationship betwen the functions of cytochrome b6f complex and its biochemical structure, it is necessary to first explore the biochemical structure of cytochrome b6f complex followed by discussing the main function of cytochrome b6f complex. ... According to Whitelegge et al. (2002), the structure of cytochrome b6f complex is complex due to the fact that cytochrome b6f complex is composed of as much as eight (8) different polypeptide subunits (Baniulis et al., 2009; Dashdorj et al., 2005; Genji et al., 2004). In line with this, several studies strongly suggest that cytochrome b6f complex is complex since it is composed of a total of seven (7) prosthetic groups (Baniulis et al., 2008; Cramer et al., 2004). Several studies explained that the structure of cytochrome b6f complex is composed of four large subunits between 17 to 32 kDa such as the membrane bound c-type cytochrome f (PetA), cytochrome b6 (PetB), the Rieske iron-sulfur protein which is also known as the Rieske ISP (PetC), and the subunit IV (PetD) (Baniulus et al., 2011; Cramer, Hasan and Yamashita, 2011; Yan and Cramer, 2003; Schneider et al., 2002; Whitelegge et al., 2002). According to Baniulus et al. (2011), petA, petB, petC, and petD are classified as large sub units that can interact well with the redox-active prosthetic groups. Serving as the â€Å"picket fence† type of structure that surrounds the core of cytochrome b6f complex’s four (4) larger subunits, the structure of cytochrome b6f complex is also composed of four (4) other hydrophobic subunits (3.2 to 4.2 kDa) which include the PetG, PetL, PetM, and PetN (Baniulus et al., 2011; Whitelegge et al., 2002). For example, Kugler et al. (1998) mentioned that the chloroplast cytochrome b6f complex is composed of seven (7) different subunits including very small proteins such as PetG, PetL, and PetM proteins. After conducting an ex-ray structure analysis, Genji et al. (2004) found out that the biochemical structure of cytochrome b6f complex in blue-green algae is crystal in form. Because of

Clinical Reasoning And Decision Making In Nursing Nursing Essay

Clinical Reasoning And Decision Making In Nursing Nursing Essay All nurses use clinical judgement to make decisions while caring for patients. These decisions have an effect on the actions of the healthcare professional and the delivery of health care the patient receives Jones and Beck (1996). Its the nurses responsibility to make clinical decisions based on their learnt knowledge and skills. Simple decisions such as, would a bed pan or commode be more appropriate? To making quick, on the spot decisions, such as what steps to take if a patient began to rapidly deteriorate. Nurses rely on sound decision making skills to maintain positive outcomes and up to date care. Orme and Maggs (1993) identified that decision-making is an essential and integral aspect of clinical practice. Nurses are accountable for their decisions, therefore it is crucial that they are aware of how they make these decisions Muir (2004). This essay will discuss two decision making models, factors that may improve or interfere with clinical reasoning and decision making in pat ient centred care and how they vary across the different fields of nursing. The decision making models that will be discussed are Risk Analysis and Evidence Based. Risk assessment plays a major part in the process of supporting patients and it greatly helps to maintain safety in hospital settings. Its main purpose is not only to identify potential risks but also remove and prevent them. Assessment is considered to be the first step in the process of individualised nursing care Neno and Price (2008). Risk analysis provides information that is vital in developing a plan of action that can help improve personal health. It has the potential to decrease the severity of chronic conditions, helping the individual to gain control over their health through self-care RCN (2004). Not only is risk analysis for the patients safety but its also there to ensure staff safety Kavaler and Spiegel (2003). It is imperative that nurses use suitable risk assessment tools as a guide to enable them to make effective decisions. Once the tool has been implemented, using the gathered information and using their own clinical judgement, the nurse will then be able to provi de the right safety precautions for patients Holme (2009). There are many different types of risk assessment tools available for patients and staff within the clinical setting. For patients there is the Waterlow score risk of pressure sores and ulcers, the MUST tool Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, FRAT Falls Risk Assessment Tool and Pain Assessment Tools are only to name a few and they are commonly used in clinical practice. Staff have Infection Control Assessments and Discharge Risk Assessments only to name a couple but they should be kept up to date and reassessed regularly Daniels (2004). The pressure ulcer risk assessment/prevention policy tool, is frequently used in clinical practice. Pressure risk-assessment tools have been described as the backbone of any prevention and treatment policy Waterlow(1991). The Department of Health set annual targets for an overall reduction of pressure ulcers by 5-10% over 1 year (DoH, 1993), so it is vital that nurses accurately determine which patients are at risk of developing pressure ulcers. A pressure ulcer is an area of localised damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, friction or a combination of these EPUAP (1998). The intention of the Waterlow pressure sore risk assessment is to recognise service users who are highly at risk of developing pressure sores, to avoid them becoming worse and/or even developing them at all, to serve as an early predictive index before the development of pressure damage Nixon and McGough ( 2001). It is imperative that patients are assessed using this tool, especially patients with Intrinsic risk factors such as restricted mobility and /or are confined to their bed for long periods of time, patients with poor nutrition, elderly patients, patients with underlying health conditions such as diabetes and patients who are urinary incontinent and bowel incontinent are also highly at risk of developing pressure sores, this due to the moisture, moist skin can be weak and susceptible to breakdown Andrychuk (1998). Accordi ng to the NICE clinical guideline 29 (2005) pressure ulcer grades should be recorded using the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Classification System. There are four stages that pressure ulcers are graded at and it is down to the nurses own clinical judgement to decide what stage the ulcer is. Depending on the grade of the pressure sore, it will depend on the type of mattress that will be needed. There are factors to be considered before selecting a mattress for the patient which include, making sure the mattress does not elevate the patient to an unsafe height and to ensure the patient is within the recommended weight range for the mattress NICE (2005). Using their learnt skills, experiences and own clinical knowledge, nurses have to decide what dressings should be used in the treatment of pressure ulcers. They have to take into consideration the grade of the sore, any manufacturers indications for use and contraindications, previous positive effects of certain dressing and preference for comfort or lifestyle reasons Bouza et al (2005). Specially designed dressings and bandages can be used to speed up the healing process and help protect pressure sores such as hydrocolloid and alginate dressings which will be used at the nurses digression NHS Choices (2010). Nurses should always be aware of any potential risk factors that may worsen or add to the development of pressure ulcers when using any pressure risk assessment tool. The nurse will have to decide the frequency of re-positioning the patient, implementing a turning chart to keep times and dates documented and to communicate to other members of staff what time the patient needs turning. This involves moving the patient into a different position to remove or redistribute pressure from a part of the body Walsh and Dempsey (2010). By analysing the evidence on the effectiveness of repositioning this can help to reduce patient suffering and improve their quality of life, lighten the work load of staff and help reduce the financial burden on the health service Luoa and Chub (2010). In paediatric nursing, a child is to be assessed within six hours of being admitted and then reassessed daily. Most paediatric pressure ulcer risk assessment scales were developed using clinical experience, or by modifying adult scales Bedi (1993). The Glamorgan Paediatric Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale was developed using detailed paediatric inpatient data Willock et al (2008). It is a clinical tool designed to help nurses assess the risk of a child developing a pressure ulcer, it uses a scoring system that takes things like mobility, equipment, haemoglobin levels and temperature into account and guides the nurse as to what interventions need to be put in place, such as what type of mattress or dressings will be needed. In learning disability and mental health nursing, a range of pressure sore assessment tools are used such as the Norton, Braden and Waterlow risk assessment scales, these are mainly used for patients who are not very mobile as in the adult field. Nursing is more concentrated on their patients psychological health OTuathail and Taqi (2011). It is the nurses duty to provide the best possible care for their patients and this involves using Evidence-based practice. EBP enables the nurse to make decisions about patient care based on the most current, best available evidence. It allows the nurse to provide high quality care to patients based on knowledge and research Rodgers (1994). Principles of evidence-based practice and the crucial elements involved in the process are explained by Cleary-Holdforth and Leufer (2008) in five steps. Steps are there to equip nurses with the necessary knowledge and skills to use evidence-based practice effectively and to make positive contributions to patient outcomes. The five steps Ask, Aquire, Appraise, Apply, Analysis and Ajust are to simply guide healthcare professionals in making effective clinical decisions when problem solving. Early Warning Score (EWS) is an evidence based method. Carberry (2002) identifies that the purpose of EWS is to provide nursing and medical staff with a physiological score generated from recordings of vital signs. NICE Clinical Guideline 50 (2007) suggests that physiological track and trigger systems should be implemented to monitor all adult patients in acute hospital settings, providing guidance on the standardization of EWS. Physiological signs that should be monitored and recorded are heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature and level of consciousness. Vital signs should be recorded upon admission, at regular intervals during a patients stay and also before, during and after certain procedures Castledine (2006) and the frequency of monitoring, if abnormal physiology is detected should increase. EWS uses a scoring system 0, 1, 2, and 3 and colour codes white, yellow, orange and red, number 3 and the colour red being the highest risk indicators Morris and Davies (2010). Nurses should adapt to following guidelines the Early Warning Score offers, to help make clinical decisions that are best for their patients. Factors that may improve or prevent effective decision making while using the EWS could be down to capability, knowledge and ignorance. If health care professionals are well able and confident in recording and documenting patients vital signs, then any changes can be observed and prevented or dealt with quickly. The EWS implementation adds automated alerts hours before a rapid response would be initiated and can decrease treatment delays by up to three hours Subbe et al (2003). It only takes one nurse to lack competence when using the EWS, therefore putting patients lifes at risk. Early Warning Score is also used in the Mental Health and Learning Disability fields of nursing although it may not be used as often as in Adult nursing, it is imperative that patients who are physically or mentally unwell, require monitoring of their vital signs in an acute setting. Nurses may have to use their knowledge to improvise different ways of obtaining vital signs from some patients with learning disabilities or mental health problems, such as turning it into a game or distracting them especially if they lack the mental capacity and are unwilling to comply Hardy (2010) Medication can have serious effects on a patients health. Indications of these effects may be noticed in their EWS, combined with the knowledge and clinical judgement of health care professionals NIMH (2008) . If the EWS tool is not used as it should be in these fields then it will be hard for the health care professionals to obtain the needed evidence to make accurate clinical decisions. In the child field of nursing a similar tool to the EWS is used called PEWS, Paediatric Early Warning Scores. There are currently four PEWS charts used within the NHS for different age groups, 0-11months, 1-4 years, 5-12years and 13-18 years, the difference being the ranges for childrens vital signs NHS (2013). A key factor that may hinder accurate PEWS scoring could be due to the fact the child is scared when it comes to checking their vital signs, also very young children can be unwilling or fidgety Kyle (2008), this is where the nurse would have to use their knowledge to overcome such problems. The nurse could make it fun for the child, explain the equipment and what they are going to do and why. It is vital that the nurse gains consent from the childs parent before carrying out any procedure. It is important that the family play an important role in the care of the child DOH (2001). I have learnt various things while researching into the chosen decision making models and methods. I have been made aware of potential risk factors that may arise while using both tools in all fields of nursing and what could be done to prevent them. I feel confident in looking out for any risks involving the EWS and Pressure ulcer risk assessment tools while out in practice and believe that using these tools correctly can ultimately save lives.

Boyz in the Hood Essay

Boyz in the Hood is a vivid video representation of what life is like for those who live in the hood. There are two families that were the focus within the movie: The Styles and The Bakers. The director of the movie, John Singleton, wants his viewers to compare the lives of the individuals within the movie to their own lives so there could be a change in our society. He discretely expresses the importance of a good upbringing by a fatherly figure. I believe that this made the difference with the two families. It made all the difference to be brought up in the right circumstances. The two families were brought up in a lower class part of Los Angeles. The area is a low income neighborhood with the homes in need of much repair. In the movie there is un-cut grass and un-raked leaves cumbering the ground. The paint on the walls is chipped and dull. The movie shows Tre at a young age sent to his father Furious. Tre and the Bakers children, Doughboy and Ricky become good friends throughout their teen years. It is interesting that these kids would get into so much trouble by just trying to find things to keep them occupied. In one scene of the movie, Ricky took a football as they were walking around town. A group of teenagers eyed the ball and desired to take it. With a little contention they stole the ball. After a small conflict, they got the ball back. There were many differences between the two families. The Baker family did not have a male figure in the home. The mother, Brenda tended to take care of the kids on her own. In the Styles home there was no father because Tre’s mom and dad, Reva and Furious separated. Even though Furious did not live with his family, he was around to help Tre become a man. When Tre’ was in the middle years of elementary school, he made an agreement with his parents that if he got into trouble, he would be sent to live with his dad. Indeed that ended up happening and he lived with his father till he was around 20 years old. During these years, he learned many things that helped prepare him for life. There was one pivotal point within the move that helped illustrate this. On a clear, beautiful day Tre and Furious went fishing. There was an ulterior motive to spending that type of quality time. It gave Furious and Tre the opportunity to communicate. Furious could give insight and ask Tre questions. Furious states, â€Å"Black man aint got no place in the army. † He offers his fatherly council to impress Tre not to join the army. Also within the boat Furious asks Tre what he knows about sex. After a short remark from Tre, his dad says, â€Å"Only a real man can raise children. † This comment made a big influence on Tre whether he knew it or not. Through his teen years, he maintained his virtue. Doughboy and Ricky Styles on the other hand did not have the fatherly council that Furious offered to Tre. They were left to themselves to learn how to become men. Their mother, Brenda, was not the best example for them while they were children. She would call them names that I would never imagine would come out of a mother’s mouth. The lack of respect for women is a good indicator of the lack of fatherly influence for the Styles. Doughboy thought he was tough. He thought that he was superior to all around him. His attitude might have contributed to him being in jail. After getting out of jail, he had nothing going for him. He would hang around the porch with his thug buddies. Ricky was in a better frame of mind with regards to his future. He wanted to get an education while playing football for the University of California in Loa Angeles. I believe that Ricky turned out better because Tre became his fatherly figure. Ricky and Tre were best friends. They wanted each other to succeed in life and would do anything for each other. While Tre first moved in with his dad, Furious blurted a statement that came true many years later. He says, â€Å"you’re gonna see how they end up too. † He was referring to the Styles children who were young at the time. There is a fulfillment of this prophesy at the end of the movie. Both Ricky and Doughboy end up being tragically shot and killed. I really had a hard time with the fact that Ricky died. Despite his upbringing, he had things going for him. The examples that were set forth within the movie vividly gives food for thought of what we can do to make a difference. For Tre, he was fortunate to have well educated parents that showed good examples. The Styles children lacked these aspects and it played an important roll on how they turned out. Therefore, if the movie accurately portrays the outcome of such circumstances, then we need to make a difference in society by starting in the home. By raising children in an environment that will help them make wise critical decisions, I believe this will accomplish what director John Shingleton wanted to convey to his viewers.

Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay

Australia has been one of the taking counties that have a great path record of baccy control. In Australia, there are around 3 million people who smoke on a regular basis between the ages of 18 to 25. The addition in baccy control strategies that increased the monetary value of baccy merchandises have changed the manner people smoke. In a recent survey, economic experts valued the nest eggs associated with avoided deceases and related diminutions in unwellness and disablement due to cut down baccy usage in Australia over the last 30 old ages at $ 8.6b ( NTS 2004 ) . The aims of the National Tobacco Strategy are the undermentioned: To assist forestall smoking uptake To assist and promote as many tobacco users as possible to discontinue smoke every bit shortly as they are able. To take exposures to harmful tobacco fume among non-smokers. If able, cut downing the harmful effects of continued usage of baccy and nicotine. Tobacco control schemes such as these increases the monetary value of baccy merchandises which changes people ‘s attitudes towards smoking through ordinances and runs that cut down baccy usage. ( NTS 2004 ) Regulation of Tobacco Promotion of Quit and Smoke free messages Cessation services and intervention Community support and instruction Addressing societal, economic and cultural determiners of wellness Tailoring enterprises for deprived groups Research, rating and monitoring & A ; surveillanceRegulation of TobaccoThe purpose of the NTS is to extinguish all promotional merchandises of baccy by those in the baccy trade, and to seek to turn to to them of the injury caused by other positive portraitures of smoke in the media.Promotion of Quit and Smoke free messagesThe purpose of the NTS is to do the wellness hazards of smoking more personal and to increase people ‘s resoluteness in discontinuing and assist them be cognizant of many effectual therapies and contact inside informations for services.Cessation services and interventionThe purpose of the NTS is to guarantee that every Australian tobacco user who are in contact with the wellness attention system are identified and be advised to discontinue, and that tobacco users who are likely to hold jobs discontinuing from smoking have easy entree to many appropriate and effectual pharmacotherapy ‘s.Community support and instructionThe purpose of the NTS to lend attem pts to forestall kids from smoke, and to guarantee that the community is intelligent about smoke.Addressing societal, economic and cultural determiners of wellnessThe purpose of the NTS is to cut down societal disaffection, along with many other negative effects by smoking and to put in baccy control as a cardinal scheme for forestalling and cut downing societal disadvantage.Tailoring enterprises for deprived groupsThe purpose of the NTS is to guarantee easy entree to many intervention, information and services for people in extremely disadvantaged groups who suffer from many smoking related injury.Research, rating and monitoring & A ; surveillanceThe purpose of the NTS is to guarantee that research is conducted to measure the demands and place utile attacks and that appropriate systems are in topographic point to measure the cost-effectiveness of plans and policies and the extent to which these are being achieved. Harmonizing to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotions, wellness publicity actions means Building Public wellness policies, Create supportive environments, Strengthen Community actions, develop personal accomplishments, Reorient Health service and traveling into the hereafter.Build Healthy Public PolicyHealth publicity policy combines attacks including financial steps, revenue enhancement statute law, and organisational alteration. Health publicity policy now requires the designation of obstructions to the acceptance of healthy public policies in non-health sectors, and ways of taking them. The purpose must be to do the healthier pick the easier pick for policy shapers every bit good ( Talbot and Verrinder, 2010, erectile dysfunction. 4, p.266 ) .Create Supportive EnvironmentsThe guiding rule for the universe, states, parts and communities likewise, is the demand to promote them to take attention of each other, our communities and our natural environment. The demand to conserve natu ral resources throughout the universe should turns into a planetary duty.Strengthen Community ActionsCommunity development needs bing stuff and human resources in the community to better societal support and to increase public engagement in wellness affairs. This will necessitate uninterrupted entree to more information and changeless support support.Develop Personal SkillsTeaching people to larn throughout their life, to fix them to manage populating with chronic unwellness and hurts is really of import. This has been maintained at place, school, work and in the community.Reorient Health ServicessHealth services will be required to encompass an expanded authorization which is really sensitive and respects cultural demands. This authorization will be required to back up the demands of different persons and communities for a more fitter life.Traveling into the FutureHealth is created by caring for oneself and others, by being able to take determinations and have control over one â₠¬Ëœs life fortunes, and by guaranting that the society one lives in creates conditions that allow the attainment of wellness by all its members ( Talbot and Verrinder, 2010, erectile dysfunction. 4, p.266 ) .Progress/ ImprovementsIn my sentiment, the National Tobacco Strategy 2004-2009 was a well designed plan but there are still countries in the plan that needs farther betterment. The effectivity of this plan is reflected on the consequences of the figure of baccy consumption in Australia since the plan started. The NTS 2004-2009, in relation to the Ottawa Charter for Health publicities has met the demands on what wellness publicity actions truly intend such as Building Healthy Public Policy and so on. The National Tobacco Strategy 2004-2009 has built on the accomplishments of the old National trust 1999 to 2003-04, Much has been achieved by the actions of the province and district authoritiess since the early 1980s and more than 30 old ages of candidacy by non-government bureaus b ut there is still the demand for farther betterments. It was merely until 15 old ages ago ; publicities of baccy merchandises were legion. Many immature people were invariably shown legion advertizements which portrayed smoke to be merriment and made you look sophisticated. Even though the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 ( CDHA 2003 ) has enormously reduced advertisement through the media, many makers still continue to advance their baccy merchandises through many popular locales such as dark nines. It was merely late that the act has been reviewed and many amendments have been proposed to greatly implement limitations on current and lifting signifiers of advertisement. Adding more financess on Quit Smoking runs would assist to promote more people to discontinue smoke. This will besides increase the gross revenues of many pharmaceutical companies by promoting people to utilize their merchandises that improve the rate of people who chose to discontinue smoke. Many behavioral support services such as the state quitline now operate in many province and district but will necessitate to hold increased support if it is to manage an increasing demand from referrals from wellness professionals ; it besides needs to increase publicity in the media. Even thought there are around 80,000 people who call the Quitline in 2003 ( Kriven S, 2003 ) , but this lone nowadays a little sum of Australian tobacco users but this would besides increase if it is promoted even more. Records of baccy excise responsibility payments suggest that baccy ingestion in Australia has fallen well over the past 30 old ages since the debut of baccy control policies Among big males, smoking prevalence dropped from 45 % in 1974 to around 27 % in the late ninetiess ; among females it fell from 30 % to 23 % ( Scollo, M VCTC ) . Smoking among secondary school pupils in Australia began to worsen in the late 1980s ; it increased once more in the early to mid-1990s and declined once more at the terminal of the last decennary. The smoke around non-smokers has besides dropped significantly, with more and more workplaces censoring smoke at work. Scollo M. Annual per capita ingestion in Australia, 1903 to 2001-02. VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control, Melbourne, 2003. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vctc.org.au/tcres/PublicConsumptionEstimatesAus1901to2002.xls. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 Issues Paper. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2003. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/drugs/tobacco/ consult/index.htm on August 2003. Th vitamin E Cancer Council Australia. Review of the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act: entry on behalf of Australian wellness administrations. 2003, Melbourne: VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control. Wakefi eld M, Freeman J, and Donovan R. Recall and response of tobacco users and recent quitters to the Australian National Tobacco Campaign. Tob Control. 2003 ; 12: ( Suppl 2 ) : II15-II22 Scollo M. Towards an Australian national policy for the intervention of dependance on tobacco-delivered nicotine. 2003, Melbourne: VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control. Kriven S. Estimate of calls to the Quitline, 2003, personal communicating. 2004, Tobacco Control Research and Evaluation: Adelaide.

Free Essays on Ride To This

Music Business Question 1. The music publishing industry at a glance would seem to be those who print sheet music, method books, lead sheets, and all of the texts or notated music that musicians (and those aspiring to be musicians) use. Years ago, this was what most music publishers did, but as the industry has evolved the process that become much more complex. Music is not just ink and paper, intellectual material and property to the individual who writes it. Therefore the song does not become â€Å"a song† when it is written down. This is not an easy concept to grasp because the song by itself has no physical makeup. A song could exist once it is played for the first time, and songs can even exist inside the mind of a songwriter. This concept is why the publishing business can be so complex; we are dealing with intellectual property. The heart of the music publishing business lies in the rights to the original music. After the music is successful enough to financially suppor t itself the music is printed in mass quantities in a variety of ways. This could be everything from guitar tabs to choral arrangements for a junior high choir. The publisher’s main source of income is through record royalties, performance royalties received from companies like the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC) for performances of music copyrighted by the publisher. These royalties could be from many different types of performances but most are though radio and songs on television. The success of a songwriter lies in the greatly in the hands of his/her publisher. Normally we hear of a band’s success when they are â€Å"signed† with a record deal, but most record companies not only produce and promote an album, they also act as the publisher who, when contracted, owns the rights to the music. When a publisher own the song it is put i... Free Essays on Ride To This Free Essays on Ride To This Music Business Question 1. The music publishing industry at a glance would seem to be those who print sheet music, method books, lead sheets, and all of the texts or notated music that musicians (and those aspiring to be musicians) use. Years ago, this was what most music publishers did, but as the industry has evolved the process that become much more complex. Music is not just ink and paper, intellectual material and property to the individual who writes it. Therefore the song does not become â€Å"a song† when it is written down. This is not an easy concept to grasp because the song by itself has no physical makeup. A song could exist once it is played for the first time, and songs can even exist inside the mind of a songwriter. This concept is why the publishing business can be so complex; we are dealing with intellectual property. The heart of the music publishing business lies in the rights to the original music. After the music is successful enough to financially suppor t itself the music is printed in mass quantities in a variety of ways. This could be everything from guitar tabs to choral arrangements for a junior high choir. The publisher’s main source of income is through record royalties, performance royalties received from companies like the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC) for performances of music copyrighted by the publisher. These royalties could be from many different types of performances but most are though radio and songs on television. The success of a songwriter lies in the greatly in the hands of his/her publisher. Normally we hear of a band’s success when they are â€Å"signed† with a record deal, but most record companies not only produce and promote an album, they also act as the publisher who, when contracted, owns the rights to the music. When a publisher own the song it is put i...

Table of Contents Essays - Law, Government, Separation Of Powers

Table of Contents Essays - Law, Government, Separation Of Powers Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Separation of Powers: A Comparative Analysis of the Doctrine in India, United States of America and England. PAGEREF _Toc478900775 \h 1 INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc478900776 \h 2 Meaning PAGEREF _Toc478900777 \h 2 ORIGIN PAGEREF _Toc478900778 \h 2 SEPARATION OF POWERS IN INDIA PAGEREF _Toc478900779 \h 4 Constitutional Provisions PAGEREF _Toc478900780 \h 5 Judicial Opinion of the Doctrine of Separation of Powers PAGEREF _Toc478900781 \h 6 SEPARATION OF POWERS IN USA PAGEREF _Toc478900782 \h 8 Presidential Form of Government PAGEREF _Toc478900783 \h 9 Principle of Checks and Balances PAGEREF _Toc478900784 \h 10 Administrative Growthand Separation of Powers PAGEREF _Toc478900785 \h 10 Delegated Legislation PAGEREF _Toc478900786 \h 11 SEPARATION OF POWERS IN ENGLAND PAGEREF _Toc478900787 \h 11 CONCLUSION PAGEREF _Toc478900788 \h 13 ENDNOTES PAGEREF _Toc478900789 \h 14 Separation of Powers: A Compa rative Analysis of the Doctrine in India, United States of America and England. Abstract: The doctrine of separation of powers is essentially what fortifies the three pillars of democracy. Without such ademarcation, the point of such offices and such pillars is redundant, and the nation might as well be a dictatorial state, with all three pillars working in collusion. This assignment comparesthe doctrine ofseparationof powers in India, the U.S.A. and England, and the reiteration of this demarcation in the three nations by the judiciary. INTRODUCTION Meaning The doctrine of Separation of Powers emphasizes the mutual exclusiveness of the three organs of government, viz., legislature, executive and judiciary. The main underlying idea is that each of these organs should exercise only one type of function. There should not be concentration of all the functions in one organ otherwise it will pose a threat to personal freedom, for; in that case, it could act in an arbitrary manner. It could enact a tyrannical law, execute it in a despotic manner and interpret it in an arbitrary manner without any external control. The purpose underlying separation doctrine is to diffuse governmental authority so as to prevent absolutism and guard against tyrannical and arbitrary powers of the state, and to allocate each function to the institution best suited to discharge it. The rationale underlying the doctrine that been that if all power is concentrated in one and the same organ, there would rise the danger of state absolutism endangering the freed om of the people. However, it needs to be appreciated that in considering this doctrine, we have moved from the discipline of law to that of political theory. The separation of powers is a doctrine not a legal principle. HYPERLINK "https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/separation-of-powers-a-comparative-analysis-of-the-doctrine-india-united-states-of-america-and-england/" \l "_edn1" [ i ] ORIGIN There is an old adage containing a lot of truth that "power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely" . To evolve effective control mechanism, man had been looking for devices to contain the forces of tyranny and authoritarianism. "Separation of Powers" was conceived to be one such device. It may not be possible to state precisely the origins of the doctrine of separation of powers. However, if we look to the writings of the Greek philosopher Aristotle , it is possible to discern a rudimentary separation of powers doctrine. Thus in his Politics, Aristotle remarked that: There are three elements in each constitution in respect of which every serious lawgiver must look for what is advantageous to it; if these are well arranged, the constitution is bound to be well arranged, and the differences in constitutions are bound to correspond to the differences between each of these three elements. The three are, first the deliberative, which discusses everything of common importance; second, the officials . . .; and third, the judicial element. The English political theorist, JohnLocke (1632-1704), also envisaged a threefold classification of powers. Writing in The Second Treatise of Government (1689), Locke drew a distinction between three types of power: legislative, executive and federative. . In Locke's analysis, the legislative power was supreme and although the executive and federative powers were distinct, the one concerned with the execution of domestic law within the state and the other with a state's security and external relations, he nevertheless took the view that they are always almost united' in the hands of the same persons. Absent from his classification is any mention of a separate judicial power. Moreover, the proper exercise of these powers is

Business Skills Evaluation of Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Skills Evaluation of Sources - Essay Example The sources serve as a means of backing up whatever conclusion (on the topic at hand) that the researcher has come to in the study they are involved in(Gorard, 2013). This means that if the source for example, contains false information then the argument that had been brought forth in the research will be declared invalid as the support structures used to stand the subject matter can no longer be considered stable. This can be considered to be the most important factor that needs to be determined when attempting to evaluate the value of the sources used. Accuracy has to do with the truthfulness of the information provided from that particular source and how exact it is to the actual reality(Gorard, 2013). It should be noted that in some cases the accuracy of some sources cannot be measured to a tee but a certain level is still required to classify it as accurate information. Within the topic of accuracy come other factors that lie beneath this main subject and determine whether the source is accurate or not. These factors include issues such as how recent the information provided is and issues such as the methods that were used to collect, store and pass on the information. The Accuracy of the sources provided can be considered to be high as a result of the where they come from. The information provided in the books, have been brought about by professionals who are aware of what they are talking about and more importantly, have used established information to put their points across(Gorard, 2013). The sources can also be considered to be accurate via the publication dates of the literature that was used. The more recent the publication, the more recent the information and thus the less likely it is for the information provided in that particular work to have been rendered obsolete or have undergone renovations as a

Research paper comparison between Belize and United States

Comparison between Belize and United States - Research Paper Example That fact explains why the Spanish tongue is spoken by the native people. Interestingly though, it is the only Central American country that has English as its official language. (Belize. Wikipedia. [internet]) The relations between Belize and the United States are more on mutual cooperation covering domestic problems such as crime and police concerns. At one point, a child molester was arrested in Belize after his picture was shown in the Oprah Winfrey show. (ACCUSED CHILD PREDATORS CAUGHT. Thanks to "Oprah" Television Viewers. October 19, 2005. Headline Archives. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. [internet].). There are not much about high level talks between the two although it is quite known that both countries are cordially close with each other. Belize citizens who have migrated to the United States are now relatively big in number, about seventy thousand. On the trade and commerce front, the United States is the most important business partner of Belize. Aside from that, there are a lot of fund investments coming from the Americans which are placed in Belize. Superficially, there appears no other significant factor or reason for a serious bonding between the two countries. Going deeper, however, will come up with something that may possibly suggest for a more coordinated and more synchronized inter-relation and inter-action between these governments. The areas that need to focus on are drugs and terrorism which may seem petty in the Belize home base but which can blow up in unmanageable proportions at some unexpected time. These worries are becoming hot issues. In one account, organized crimes executions and drug trafficking have been rising in trends. (Belize Murder Rate Skyrockets. Drugs, Gangs And Organized Crime. February 17, 2008. CruiseBruise. [internet]). In several cases, the use of cruise ship connections is evident, the latter being explained by the attractive tourism industry of Belize. The drug menace is clearly becoming a growing

Analytical summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical summary - Essay Example Previously Indonesia had had Human Rights violations. Now, opinions of the common man represented by the parliament are taken into account, even if they are in opposition of the President’s views. The civil society has progressed into an active one. Individual actors, like scholars and intellectuals too work for democracy and prosperity. Apart from these actors, other major actors were identified who affect the democracy in Indonesia and affect the bilateral relationship between it and Australia; two non–state actors and one parliamentary actor were recognized as affecting the foreign policy of Indonesia for Australia. These policies help in strengthening the relationship between the countries. The author wrote of four perspectives that explain the bilateral relationship: Historical and Geographical Proximity Perspective: The geographical placing of both lands and their history gives strength to the relationship. Throughout history there has been integration of the people of both countries. The closeness of the countries ensures that a working relationship be maintained. One can’t simply fight with one’s neighbours. The repercussions would be felt by both. Political and Strategic Perspective: Indonesia is important for Australia. Any instability or such occurrences in Indonesia can have a ripple effect extending to Australia because of the strategic placing. Moreover, if they develop a relationship like that of Pakistan and India, their military and financial resources would be tied up in defence of an unseen threat of offense. Identity and Fear Perspective: There is a confusion and struggle of self identity which has caused a slowdown in the maturing of the bilateral relationship. Australia is neither Asian nor European so there exists a struggle amongst Australian to identify them. Moreover, fear of the ‘other’ exists in both. The author has presented an account of democracy’s role in Indonesia and the role that the governments

Teachers Day Essay Example for Free

Teachers Day Essay Teachers Day BY Adi001 Teachers Day In some countries, Teachers Days are intended to be special days for the appreciation of teachers. World Teachers Day is celebrated across the world on October 5th[1], with great verve and enthusiasm. Ever since the importance of teachers has been recognized by UNESCO, by adopting the Recommendation concerning the status of teachers, World Teachers Day has been celebrated annually. This includes celebrations to honor the teachers for their special contribution in a particular field area or the community in general. Contents[hide] * History * 2 By country * 3 See also * 4 References * 5 External links I [edit] History The concept of celebrating teachers day originated in India to remember the great educationist Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. He was one of Indias most influential scholars of comparative religion and philosophy, whose dream was that Teachers should be the best minds in the country. 2] [edit] By country Country I Date of Teachers Day I Notes I Afghanistan I May 24 | Schools have a holiday, but students and teachers gather to celebrate at schools with special traditional food, cookies, music and resents to the teachers I Albania I March 7 | In 1887, the first school which taught lessons in Albanian was opened on this day in the small city of Kor#. I Algeria I February 28 | Argentina I September 11 I To honor the work of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento after he died. I Australia I Last Friday in October I On Australias celebration of World Teachers Day, the NEiTA Foundation and the Australian Scholarships Group (ASG) is proud to announce the national teaching recipients of the ASG Community Merit Awards. World Teachers Day was started by UNESCO and is celebrated in more than 100 countries around the world each year. On its 40th anniversary this year, it represents a significant token of the awareness, understanding, and appreciation displayed for the vital contribution that teachers make to education. I Azerbaijan I October 5 | Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, it has coincided with the World Teachers Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO). I Bahrain I February 28 | Brunei Darussalam I September 23 | To commemorate the birth date of the 28th ruler of Brunei, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Ill, also known as the Architect of Modern Brunei who amongst others had emphasized on the importance of education to his ubjects by introducing policy of free education whereby the citizens are charged very nominal fees for attending schools. This policy have now been followed by the current 29th ruler who have since extended the policy further. I Bhutan I May 2 | Established and marked on the birth anniversary of the third King of Bhutan, Jigme Dorli Wangchuck, who introduced modern education in the country. I Bolivia I June 6 | Brazil I October 15 | A decree regulating the elementary schools in Brazil. The celebration gained popularity throughout the country, and October 1 5 was officially 0 was chosen to celebrate Teachers Day, because on that day in 1945, the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral received the Nobel Prize. However, in 1977, the date was changed to October 16, to honor the founding of the Colegio de Profesores de Chile (Teachers College of I China (Hong Kong) I September 10 | Before 1997, Teachers Day was on September 28, following the tradition from the Republic of China since the 1950s. After the handover

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Storm the Battlefronts :: Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essays

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Storm the Battlefronts I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings   Maya Angelou's novel is a classic tale of growing up black in the American South in the 1930s and 40s. Even though Marguerite's and her brother Bailey's childhood and early youth are probably far from typical for the average black family of that time, the book nonetheless can be read as a parable of what it meant and still means to be a black person in an overwhelmingly white society. The story is told from a "black" point of view and is thus a more "politically correct" representation of race relationship and prejudice than Harper Lee's equally famous To Kill a Mockingbird. The two children are moved back and forth between their parents and their grandmother "Momma," between St. Louis, Los Angeles, San Francisco and the rural Southern town of Stamps, Arkansas, where they spend the bulk of their childhood. As the owner of a small shop their grandmother is rather well-off for a rural black woman. The children consequently don't suffer from any economic hardships - not even during the worst depression years. Still, I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings is no story about an easy coming-of-age: Maya is permanently puzzled by the adult world. Her grandmother is extremely religious and strict, the children "should be seen but not heard," (p. 34) and she is deeply worried about their relationship to their parents. Worse still, she is raped by her mother's boyfriend while living with her in St. Louis and refuses to talk to anyone but her brother for over a year after the trial. Moreover, she often encounters "white" prejudice, rejection or indifference, when she is working for a white woman or tries to get treatment from a white dentist. The book thus explores a wide range of timeless topics: child abuse, race relations and a lot of important general issues of adolescence such as awakening sexuality, tension between the children and their parents and friendship. Angelou basically tells us the story of her search for her place in the world - in warm and touching prose that makes it possible to identify with her problems, needs and dreams. This personal appeal and the fact that the novel touches a lot of common "black" issues make its ideal for use in the literature classroom - together with To Kill a Mockingbird (even though in a way it directs your reading of I Know. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Storm the Battlefronts :: Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essays I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Storm the Battlefronts I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings   Maya Angelou's novel is a classic tale of growing up black in the American South in the 1930s and 40s. Even though Marguerite's and her brother Bailey's childhood and early youth are probably far from typical for the average black family of that time, the book nonetheless can be read as a parable of what it meant and still means to be a black person in an overwhelmingly white society. The story is told from a "black" point of view and is thus a more "politically correct" representation of race relationship and prejudice than Harper Lee's equally famous To Kill a Mockingbird. The two children are moved back and forth between their parents and their grandmother "Momma," between St. Louis, Los Angeles, San Francisco and the rural Southern town of Stamps, Arkansas, where they spend the bulk of their childhood. As the owner of a small shop their grandmother is rather well-off for a rural black woman. The children consequently don't suffer from any economic hardships - not even during the worst depression years. Still, I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings is no story about an easy coming-of-age: Maya is permanently puzzled by the adult world. Her grandmother is extremely religious and strict, the children "should be seen but not heard," (p. 34) and she is deeply worried about their relationship to their parents. Worse still, she is raped by her mother's boyfriend while living with her in St. Louis and refuses to talk to anyone but her brother for over a year after the trial. Moreover, she often encounters "white" prejudice, rejection or indifference, when she is working for a white woman or tries to get treatment from a white dentist. The book thus explores a wide range of timeless topics: child abuse, race relations and a lot of important general issues of adolescence such as awakening sexuality, tension between the children and their parents and friendship. Angelou basically tells us the story of her search for her place in the world - in warm and touching prose that makes it possible to identify with her problems, needs and dreams. This personal appeal and the fact that the novel touches a lot of common "black" issues make its ideal for use in the literature classroom - together with To Kill a Mockingbird (even though in a way it directs your reading of I Know.

The Company Man Analysis Essay

ANALYSIS 7 Essay: The Company Man The typical business man involved in corporate America works anywhere from six to ten hours per day. Phil, â€Å"the Company Man† worked six days a week sometimes until eight or nine at night, making himself a true workaholic. Using his life story before he died Goodman is able to convey her liking toward Phil but her dislike of what the business world has turned him into. Not only does Goodman use a number of rhetorical devices but she also uses Phil’s past as well as the people who were once in Phil’s life to get her message across to her reader. Ellen Goodman sarcastically creates the obituary of a man who dedicated his life to his job and the company he worked for. Goodman uses anaphora, satire, diction, sentence structure, and selection of detail to complete her obituary of this â€Å"Company Man†. Emphasizing the fact that Phil worked himself to death, Goodman chose pure sarcasm to make this particular emphasis. She shows through this repeated phrases, that he must have chosen work over family quite often, working to provide for his family which resulted in the simple fact that â€Å"he worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00a. m Sunday morning. Goodman’s use of repetition leads to show her satirical writing. â€Å"On Saturdays, Phil wore a sports jacket to the office instead of a suit, because it was the weekend† shows Goodman’s use of satire in one of the many examples throughout the obituary. Toward the end of the essay, Goodman describes how the company president starts the funeral with a hint of sarcasm, â€Å"discreetly of course, with care and taste† using a tongue and cheek method to provide a subtle shift in tone. The president then begins to question who will replace Phil ending with a paradoxical sentence â€Å"‘Who’s been working the hardest? † getting down to the business of replacing Phil, providing another example of a stereotypical business approach. The vivid diction describes the sarcasm that Goodman has towards Phil. Goodman composes her paragraphs with careful rhythm and beat; she repeats â€Å"finally,† â€Å"precisely† and â€Å"perfect† three times. Phil’s constancy and lack of variation are embodied in rigid words such as â€Å"always,† â€Å"of course,† and â€Å"Type A. † Extreme diction such as â€Å"overweight,† â€Å"nervous,† and â€Å"workaholic† convey Phil as a worrywart with no fun at all in his life. These words mock Phil as a man sincerely obsessed with work that had lost track of his priorities. Goodman deepens her point when she introduces Phil’s family, using diction in relation to business to further emphasize the importance of work to Phil. To Phil’s wife Helen, â€Å"A company friend said ‘I know how much you will miss him. ’ And she answered, ‘I already have. ’† His eldest son tells the reader of how he went around the neighborhood gathering research on his father. His daughter recalls how whenever she was alone with him they had nothing to say to each other. When Phil’s youngest son reminisces on how he tried to mean enough to his father to keep him at home. Goodman informs the reader that the youngest child was Phil’s favorite. Goodman’s sentence structure of long, short, long, helps the shorter sentence stick out more to the reader. But she ends the paragraph with a sad ironic sentence, â€Å"My father and I only board here. † implying that he never really was successful. The descriptions of Phil in â€Å"The Company Man† are sardonically accusatory of the present way people live in society. Goodman makes light of how Phil is a heart attack waiting to happen, his seventy-hour workweeks and egg sandwiches. â€Å"Of course,† used thee times, translates as the acceptance that we have towards intolerable living conditions in order to fulfill the American dream. Like many Americans, Phil is constantly obsessed about his work and whether or not he will ascend to the top position. Through these details she describes the monotonous, repetitive way that society exists today. Throughout the column, images negatively portray the lifestyle that Phil lives. Superficially, all seems well because his family lives a comfortable existence. Emotionally, however, his family has missed his emotional support for years. His wife, Helen, gave up â€Å"trying to compete with his work years ago. † All of his children grew up in a so-called normal family with a father and mother. At his funeral, though, they do not have enough memories about him to say a proper eulogy. Phil himself was â€Å"overweight† and unhealthy, obsessed with work and negligent with his personal life. Goodman condemns the lifestyle that Phil leads by using negative and poignant imagery. Ellen Goodman develops an attitude of pity for Phil, and resentment for the company through rhetorical techniques by portraying that to his wife and to his children, Phil had become so consumed with his position as one of the Important People that he had all but completely removed himself from their emotional reach for the sake of his company life. Goodman’s vision of the corporate world and its influence and affect on our lives is portrayed through her diction and choice of detail in her anecdote of the reflection of the life of the A-Type, workaholic, Phil.

Gender Identity Paper Essay

Since the middle of the 20th century, psychologists, physiologists and medical professionals have been increasingly interested in the ways hormones impacted human behaviors. The dramatic progress which scientists had been able to make was due to extensive knowledge of pharmacology and chemistry, which could be used to study neural events that came as a result of hormonal activity in humans. Hormonal influences on humans were harder to document than those on other species, due to the fact that researchers could not perform laboratory studies with the use of placebo (Hines, Brooks & Conrad, 2004). Thus, the current information with regard to human sexuality and gender identity was mostly obtained from other studies, including the studies of abnormal hormonal activity in patients with genetic disorders. Pfaff, Philips and Rubin (2004) write, that â€Å"hormone / behavior relations always serve either homeostasis or reproduction†. A whole set of hormones works to maintain weight, temperature, and fluid balance in human organism. Hormones impact human responses to stress and pain, but hormonal influences are not limited to common behavioral reactions. Hormones are directly and indirectly linked to gender identification, and although relationships between human sexuality and hormones leave much room for further research, professionals are confident that hormones are the critical factors of gender identification in humans. From the viewpoint of physiology, mammals are usually divided into the two large (male and female) gender categories. The formation of one’s gender begins at chromosomal level. For the majority of mammals, the homogametic sex is female, and if not influenced by male hormones, a phenotypic female with XX chromosomal pattern develops. In the presence of the Y chromosome however, a locally acting protein transforms gonads into testes, which produce numerous peptide hormones, androgens, and determine masculine gender differentiation (Gallagher, Nelson & Weiner, 2003). Testosterone predetermines the development of external genitalia in boys; androgenic receptors and 5-alpha-reductase which are present in all females, may also lead to masculinization of female genitalia. Apart from impacting gender identity, hormones are directly responsible for a whole set of behavioral responses. Hormones work in ways that facilitate processing of sensory information in humans. â€Å"Females have generally greater sensitivity for chemosensory stimuli. [†¦] This sensitivity is further enhanced by increased periovulatory estrogen concentrations† (Gallagher, Nelson & Weiner, 2003). Given that hormonal impulses in men are different from those in women, men lack this kind of responsiveness, which is also suggestive of the positive relationship between hormones and human behavior. Extensive research of genetic disorders and sexual differentiation suggests that the formation of one’s sexual identity is also influenced by factors other than hormones. Social environment and psychological traditions may produce irreversible impacts on one’s gender identification. These influences are particularly visible in humans with physiological pathologies and genetic disorders, which lead to phallic inadequacy or absence. In the study by Reiner and Gearhart (2004), out of sixteen subjects with diagnosed genetic disorders fourteen had been raised as females. Later, under the impact of physiological changes only eight of them changed their roles to males, with the rest spending their lives as females. These findings prove that identity is influenced by the whole complex of hormonal and environmental factors; and researchers are still unable to determine, which of these factors produces the critical impact on gender differentiation in humans. The truth is that neither behavioral, nor psychological or hormonal factors can be held responsible for sexual differentiation in humans. In reality, â€Å"human differentiation is the result of a series of genetic and hormonal events that influence the development of the internal and external genitalia† (Sytsma, 2006). Whether gender identity is impacted by hormonal or environmental factors is not always clear, but it is clear that there is a whole continuum of gender experiences between female and male genders; and how humans identify themselves in this gender continuum will depend on the whole set of genetic and hormonal influences, as well as the external environment in which humans are raised. Conclusion For years and decades researchers believed that hormones were the critical factors determining gender identity in humans. With the extensive knowledge of genetic and sexual disorders, researchers have gradually come to realize the role, which environmental and psychological factors played in one’s sex differentiation. Neither hormones nor biological or psychological factors can be held responsible for the development of gender identity in humans; rather, a whole complex of genetic and hormonal influences will determine the paths of gender formation and differentiation in all human subjects. References Gallagher, M. , Nelson, R. J. & Weiner, I. B. (2003). Biological psychology. John Wiley and Sons. Hines, M. , Brook, C. & Conway, G. S. (2004). Androgen and psychosexual development: core gender identity, sexual orientation, and recalled childhood gender role behavior in women and men with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Journal of Sex Research, 41(1): 75-81. Pfaff, D. W. , Phillips, M. I. & Rubin, R. T. (2004). Principles of hormone behavior relations. Academic Press. Reiner, W. G. & Gearhart, J. P. (2004). Discordant sexual identity in some genetic males with cloacal exstrophy assigned to female sex at birth. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (4): 333-341. Sytsma, S. E. (2006). Ethics and intersex. Springer.